Tooth sensitivity is exactly what it sounds like—a condition where you have sensitive or painful teeth. It’s caused by a variety of underlying medical problems which result in the nerves becoming sensitised when exposed to certain stimuli, such as cold or hot beverages.
Although having sensitive teeth is common, it doesn’t mean you have to put up with it. Read the causes of sensitive teeth and what you can do to alleviate the pain.
Understanding tooth sensitivity
Our teeth are covered in enamel, which is a protective coating. Underneath the enamel lies the dentine, which surrounds the pulp — the soft tissue that contains nerve fibres. Dentine has tiny tubules that communicate with the nerve fibres in the tooth’s pulp.
Over time, our enamel thins. This makes our nerves more susceptible to irritation, so any sensations become heightened. Consequently, exposing our teeth to any stimuli becomes extremely painful.
Causes of sensitive teeth
Exposed nerves – Tooth decay, broken teeth, chipped teeth, worn down fillings, and old crowns can all expose the dentin, causing sensitivity.
Receding gums – When the gum pulls away from the gum line, it leaves part of the tooth that would usually be protected exposed, causing sensitivity.
Thinning enamel – Brushing teeth too hard, using a hard toothbrush, grinding teeth at night, and eating or drinking acidic beverages and foods can all thin the enamel, leaving the nerves vulnerable.
Gastrointestinal conditions – Conditions such as gastro-oesophageal reflux (GERD), for example, can cause acid from the stomach and oesophagus to come up to the mouth, damaging the teeth’s enamel over time. Similarly, conditions that cause frequent vomiting can also wear down the enamel.
Treating tooth sensitivity
While it’s crucial to discover the cause of your sensitive teeth, there are various things you can do to relieve your tooth sensitivity.
- Choose sensitive teeth toothpaste – These kinds of toothpaste are free of irritating ingredients and may have desensitising ingredients to help block the pain.
- Use an alcohol-free mouthwash – Alcohol is less irritating to sensitive teeth.
- Brush with a soft toothbrush – Softer brushes are gentler on the enamel.
- Use prescription-grade desensitising agents or fluoride gels – A dentist or hygienist administers these at the dental clinic. They help seal the tooth enamel and minimise pain.
Diagnosing tooth sensitivity: Book an appointment with your dentist
As tooth sensitivity has many causes, a dentist must examine you to determine what is causing your problem. They can assess your teeth to see if dental conditions like cavities, loose fillings or receding gums may be causing your sensitivity.